【定语从句中】在英语语法中,定语从句是一个非常重要的知识点,它用来修饰名词或代词,使其意义更加明确。定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,根据其在句中的作用不同,可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
以下是关于定语从句的一些关键
一、定语从句的基本结构
定语从句一般由以下成分构成:
- 先行词:被从句修饰的名词或代词。
- 关系词:引导从句的词,包括关系代词(如 who, whom, whose, which, that)和关系副词(如 when, where, why)。
- 从句:包含主语和谓语的句子部分,用来修饰先行词。
二、关系代词与关系副词的区别
| 关系词 | 用法说明 | 示例 |
| who | 指人,作主语或宾语 | The man who is talking is my teacher. |
| whom | 指人,作宾语 | The girl whom you met is my sister. |
| whose | 表示所属关系 | The boy whose bag is missing is looking for it. |
| which | 指物,作主语或宾语 | The book which I bought is very interesting. |
| that | 指人或物,作主语或宾语 | The student that won the prize is from our class. |
| when | 表时间,作状语 | I still remember the day when we met. |
| where | 表地点,作状语 | This is the house where I was born. |
| why | 表原因,作状语 | That's the reason why she left. |
三、限制性定语从句 vs 非限制性定语从句
| 类型 | 特点 | 示例 |
| 限制性定语从句 | 不可省略,对先行词起限定作用 | The man who is standing there is my father. |
| 非限制性定语从句 | 可以省略,对先行词进行补充说明 | My brother, who lives in Beijing, is coming to visit. |
四、定语从句的常见错误
1. 混淆关系代词和关系副词
- 错误:I don’t know the reason which he left.
- 正确:I don’t know the reason why he left.
2. 误用 that 和 which
- 错误:The book that is on the table is mine.
- 正确:The book which is on the table is mine.(非限制性时)
3. 遗漏关系词
- 错误:The person you saw is my teacher.
- 正确:The person whom you saw is my teacher.
五、总结
定语从句是英语学习中不可或缺的一部分,掌握其结构和用法有助于提高语言表达的准确性和丰富性。通过理解关系词的作用、区分限制性与非限制性从句,并注意常见的使用误区,可以更有效地运用定语从句来增强句子的表达力。
| 内容 | 说明 |
| 定义 | 修饰名词或代词的从句 |
| 结构 | 先行词 + 关系词 + 从句 |
| 关系词 | who, whom, whose, which, that, when, where, why |
| 类型 | 限制性、非限制性 |
| 常见错误 | 关系词误用、遗漏、混淆类型 |
通过系统学习和练习,定语从句将不再是语言学习中的难点,而是提升写作与口语表达的重要工具。


