【初中定语从句专项训练】在英语学习中，定语从句是一个非常重要的语法知识点，尤其在初中阶段的英语教学中占据着重要地位。掌握好定语从句不仅有助于提高阅读理解能力，还能增强写作表达的准确性与逻辑性。本文将围绕初中阶段常见的定语从句进行专项训练，帮助学生更好地理解和运用这一语法结构。
一、什么是定语从句？
定语从句是指在句子中起定语作用的从句，用来修饰名词或代词，说明该名词或代词的具体内容。定语从句通常由关系代词（如 who, whom, whose, which, that）或关系副词（如 when, where, why）引导。
例如：
- The book that is on the table is mine.
（桌子上那本书是我的。）
在这个句子中，“that is on the table”就是一个定语从句，修饰“the book”。
二、常见关系代词和关系副词的用法
| 关系词 | 用法说明 | 例句 |
|--------|----------|------|
| who| 指人，在从句中作主语 | The girl who is talking to Tom is my sister. |
| whom | 指人，在从句中作宾语 | The man whom you met yesterday is a doctor. |
| whose| 表示所属关系，指人或物 | The student whose father is a teacher is very smart. |
| which| 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语 | The car which I bought last year is very fast. |
| that | 指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语 | The person that called me is my friend. |
| when | 指时间，在从句中作时间状语 | I still remember the day when we first met. |
| where| 指地点，在从句中作地点状语 | This is the house where I was born. |
| why| 指原因，在从句中作原因状语 | That’s the reason why he left early. |
三、定语从句的判断方法
1. 确定先行词：找出被从句修饰的名词或代词。
2. 分析关系词：根据先行词是人还是物，选择合适的关系词。
3. 判断从句成分：看关系词在从句中充当什么成分（主语、宾语、定语等）。
4. 调整语序：确保从句与主句连接自然，语义清晰。
四、专项练习题（附答案）
1. The boy ______ is standing over there is my classmate.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. whose
答案：A
2. The house ______ we lived ten years ago is now a museum.
A. where
B. when
C. which
D. what
答案：A
3. She is the girl ______ helped me with my homework.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. whose
答案：A
4. The reason ______ he was late is that his car broke down.
A. why
B. which
C. when
D. where
答案：A
5. The book ______ I borrowed from the library is very interesting.
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. both B and C
答案：D
五、小结
定语从句是初中英语学习中的重点内容，正确使用关系代词和关系副词是关键。通过大量的练习和不断的积累，学生可以逐步掌握这一语法点，并在实际应用中灵活运用。希望同学们在日常学习中多加练习，不断提升自己的英语综合能力。
