在英语学习中，定语从句是一个非常重要的语法知识点，它在句子中起到修饰名词或代词的作用。掌握好定语从句的用法，不仅有助于提高阅读理解能力，还能增强写作表达的准确性。本文将围绕定语从句进行专项练习，并附上详细的答案解析，帮助大家更好地理解和运用这一语法结构。
一、定语从句的基本概念
定语从句是用来修饰主句中的某个名词或代词的从句，通常由关系代词（如：who, whom, whose, which, that）或关系副词（如：when, where, why）引导。这些关系词在从句中充当一定的句子成分，如主语、宾语、定语等。
例如：
- The book that is on the table is mine.
（那本在桌子上的书是我的。）
二、常见关系词及用法对比
| 关系词 | 用法说明 | 举例 |
|--------|----------|------|
| who| 指人，作主语或宾语 | The man who is speaking is my teacher. |
| whom | 指人，作宾语（口语中常省略） | The girl whom you met yesterday is my sister. |
| whose| 表示所属关系，指人或物 | The student whose essay won the prize is from Class 3. |
| which| 指物，作主语或宾语 | The car which is parked outside is mine. |
| that | 指人或物，作主语或宾语（非限制性从句中不可用） | The man that I saw yesterday is a doctor. |
| when | 指时间，在从句中作时间状语 | I still remember the day when we first met. |
| where| 指地点，在从句中作地点状语 | This is the house where I was born. |
| why| 指原因，在从句中作原因状语 | That’s the reason why he left early. |
三、专项练习题
请根据所学知识，选择正确的答案。
1. The woman ______ lives next door is a doctor.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. whose
2. The book ______ I borrowed from the library is very interesting.
A. who
B. that
C. which
D. whose
3. The boy ______ father is a teacher is in our class.
A. who
B. whose
C. that
D. whom
4. I don’t know the reason ______ she didn’t come to the party.
A. why
B. when
C. where
D. which
5. The city ______ I was born is very beautiful.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. when
四、答案与解析
1. A. who
解析：从句“lives next door”缺少主语，指人，所以用“who”。
2. B. that / C. which
解析：从句“borrowed from the library”缺少宾语，指物，可以用“that”或“which”，但“that”更常用。
3. B. whose
解析：从句“father is a teacher”表示所属关系，指人，因此用“whose”。
4. A. why
解析：从句“she didn’t come to the party”是解释原因，所以用“why”。
5. C. where
解析：从句“I was born”表示地点，因此用“where”。
五、总结
定语从句虽然看似复杂，但只要掌握了关系词的用法和从句结构，就能轻松应对各种题目。建议多做相关练习，结合语境理解每个关系词的具体作用。同时，注意区分限制性与非限制性从句的区别，避免使用错误的关系词。
通过不断积累和练习，相信你一定能在定语从句的学习中取得显著进步！
