【中考英语被动语态练习题】在英语学习中,被动语态是一个非常重要的语法知识点,尤其在中考英语考试中频繁出现。掌握好被动语态的结构和用法,不仅有助于提高阅读理解能力,还能在写作和翻译中更加准确地表达意思。
一、什么是被动语态?
被动语态是表示动作的承受者的一种句式结构,其基本结构为:be + 过去分词。它强调的是“谁”被做了某事,而不是“谁做了某事”。
例如:
- 主动语态:The teacher gave the students a test.
- 被动语态:The students were given a test by the teacher.
二、被动语态的构成
根据时态的不同,被动语态的结构也会发生变化:
| 时态 | 被动语态结构 |
|--------------|--------------------------|
| 一般现在时 | am/is/are + 过去分词 |
| 一般过去时 | was/were + 过去分词|
| 一般将来时 | will be + 过去分词 |
| 现在完成时 | have/has been + 过去分词 |
| 过去完成时 | had been + 过去分词|
| 将来完成时 | will have been + 过去分词|
三、常见考点与练习题
1. 选择题
- The book ______ on the desk.
A. is lying
B. is lying
C. is laid
D. is put
答案:D(正确结构应为“is put”,表示“被放在”)
2. 改写句子
- 主动语态:They are building a new bridge.
被动语态:A new bridge is being built.
3. 填空题
- Many trees ______ last year.
(use)
答案:were planted(过去时被动语态)
4. 判断正误
- The letter was written by her. ✅
- The letter was wrote by her. ❌(错误,过去分词应为“written”)
四、易错点提醒
- 注意主谓一致:如 “The cake is made by my mother.”(单数主语用“is”)
- 不要遗漏“by”短语:被动语态中如果需要说明动作执行者,必须加上“by”。
- 区分“be+过去分词”和“be+形容词”:如 “The door is closed”(被动语态) vs “The door is closed”(状态描述)。
五、中考真题示例
- (2022年北京中考)
— Who is the painting?
— It ______ by Van Gogh.
A. painted
B. is painted
C. was painted
D. has painted
答案:C
通过不断练习和巩固,考生可以更熟练地掌握被动语态的使用方法,从而在中考英语中取得优异成绩。建议多做相关练习题,并结合语境进行理解,避免死记硬背。