【so(as及to的用法归纳总结)】在英语学习过程中,"so as to" 是一个常见但容易被忽视的表达方式。虽然它看似简单,但在实际使用中却有着多种不同的功能和语境。掌握 "so as to" 的正确用法,不仅有助于提高语法准确性,还能让语言表达更加地道和自然。
一、基本含义与结构
"so as to" 是一个由两个词组成的固定短语,常用于表示目的或结果。其基本结构为:
主语 + 动词 + so as to + 动词原形
例如:
He studied hard so as to pass the exam.(他努力学习,以便通过考试。)
在这个句子中,"so as to" 引导的是目的状语,说明主语行为的目的。
二、常见的用法类型
1. 表示目的(Purpose)
这是 "so as to" 最常见的用法,用来说明某人做某事的目的是为了达到某个目标。
- I left early so as to avoid the traffic.(我早出发是为了避开交通拥堵。)
- She saved money so as to buy a car.(她存钱是为了买一辆车。)
注意:这种情况下,"so as to" 后面接动词原形,不能加 "to" 或其他助动词。
2. 表示结果(Result)
在某些情况下,"so as to" 也可以用来表示某种行为导致的结果,尤其是在强调“为了避免”或“以防止”的语境中。
- He spoke slowly so as not to make mistakes.(他说得慢一些,以免犯错。)
- The teacher raised her voice so as to be heard.(老师提高了声音,以便被人听到。)
这里,“so as not to” 是一种否定形式,用于表达避免某种不良结果。
3. 与 “in order to” 的区别
虽然 "so as to" 和 "in order to" 都可以表示目的,但两者在使用上有一些细微差别:
- "In order to" 更正式、更书面化,常用于正式写作中。
- "So as to" 更口语化,且在句首时需要加逗号。
例如:
- In order to improve, he started exercising every day.(为了改善,他开始每天锻炼。)
- He worked hard so as to get a promotion.(他努力工作,以便获得晋升。)
此外,"so as to" 通常不用于句首,而 "in order to" 可以。
三、常见错误与注意事项
1. 不要混淆 "so as to" 和 "so that"
- "So as to" 后面接动词原形。
- "So that" 后面接从句,包含主语和谓语。
正确:He got up early so as to catch the train.
错误:He got up early so that catch the train.
2. 避免重复使用 "to"
- 正确:She went to the store so as to buy some milk.
- 错误:She went to the store so as to go to buy some milk.
3. 注意否定形式的使用
- 正确:He closed the window so as not to let in the cold air.
- 错误:He closed the window so as to not let in the cold air.
四、实用例句与练习
例句:
- They arrived early so as to get good seats.(他们早早到达,以便拿到好座位。)
- She called him so as to ask for help.(她打电话给他,是为了寻求帮助。)
- He ran quickly so as not to miss the bus.(他跑得很快,以免错过公交车。)
练习题:
1. I stayed up late _______ finish the project.(填空)
2. She opened the door _______ not make noise.(填空)
3. Choose the correct option:
A. He left early so as to catch the train.
B. He left early so that catch the train.
五、结语
"so as to" 虽然不是一个复杂的短语,但在实际运用中却非常灵活。理解其不同用法和搭配关系,有助于我们在写作和口语中更准确地表达意图和目的。通过不断积累和练习,我们可以更加自然地使用这一结构,提升英语表达的流利度和准确性。