【高中英语名词性从句专题讲解及巩固练习(含答案)(11页)】在高中英语学习中，名词性从句是一个非常重要的语法知识点。它不仅在各类考试中频繁出现，而且是理解和运用复杂句子结构的基础。掌握名词性从句的用法，有助于提高学生的阅读理解能力和写作水平。
一、什么是名词性从句？
名词性从句是指在句子中充当名词作用的从句，它可以作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。根据其在句子中的功能，名词性从句可以分为以下四种类型：
1. 主语从句：在句中作主语。
2. 宾语从句：在句中作动词或介词的宾语。
3. 表语从句：在句中作系动词的表语。
4. 同位语从句：在句中对前面的名词进行解释说明。
二、名词性从句的引导词
名词性从句通常由以下引导词引导：
- that：不充当句子成分，仅起连接作用，常用于主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。
- whether / if：表示“是否”，多用于宾语从句。
- what / whatever / whichever / whoever / whenever / wherever / how / why：这些疑问词引导的从句，既起连接作用，又在从句中充当一定成分。
- who / whom / whose：指人，引导从句时在从句中充当主语或宾语。
- when / where / why：指时间、地点、原因，引导从句时在从句中充当状语。
三、常见结构与用法解析
1. 主语从句
- That he passed the exam surprised everyone.
- Whether he will come is still unknown.
- What we need is more time.
注意：当主语从句位于句首时，常用 it 作形式主语，如：
- It is important that we should finish the work on time.
2. 宾语从句
- I know that she is a teacher.
- He asked whether I had finished my homework.
- She said that she would come tomorrow.
注意：当主句谓语为 think, believe, suppose, expect 等时，若否定意义出现在主句，需将否定前移，如：
- I don’t think that he is right.
3. 表语从句
- The fact is that he didn't tell the truth.
- This is what I want to say.
4. 同位语从句
- The news that he won the competition was exciting.
- The question is whether we can do it.
注意：同位语从句一般跟在 news, idea, fact, question, doubt, belief, hope 等抽象名词后，且 that 不可省略。
四、常见错误分析
1. 混淆 whether 和 if
- 正确：I don’t know whether he will come.
- 错误：I don’t know if he will come.（在正式语境中，if 不能替代 whether）
2. 遗漏引导词
- 正确：I don’t know what he wants.
- 错误：I don’t know he wants.
3. 误用 that 和 what
- 正确：He said that he was tired.
- 错误：He said what he was tired.
五、巩固练习（附答案）
一、选择题
1. I don’t know ______ he will come.
A. that
B. if
C. whether
D. what
2. The teacher explained ______ the experiment was done.
A. how
B. that
C. which
D. what
3. The problem is ______ we have enough time.
A. that
B. whether
C. if
D. when
4. She told me ______ she had passed the exam.
A. that
B. if
C. whether
D. what
5. The question is ______ we should go there.
A. that
B. if
C. whether
D. what
答案：
1. C
2. A
3. B
4. A
5. C
二、填空题
1. I wonder ______ he is late again.
2. The fact ______ he failed the test surprised us all.
3. Please tell me ______ you want to eat.
4. Whether we can go depends on ______ the weather is like.
5. The problem is ______ we should take action now.
答案：
1. why
2. that
3. what
4. how
5. whether
六、总结
名词性从句是高中英语语法的重点内容之一，掌握其基本结构、引导词使用以及常见错误，有助于提升语言综合运用能力。通过系统的学习和大量的练习，学生可以逐步克服在实际应用中遇到的困难，提高英语成绩和语言表达能力。
（全文共11页，包含讲解、例句、练习及答案）
